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Learn Web

Discussion in 'General' started by Angel, May 13, 2014.

  1. Angel

    Angel Lion Heart Staff Member Administrator

    The Forum really doesn't have a place for this, but this is a series that I like to call "Learn Web". I will be posting about the different things that I have come to know about the web, websites, coding, domains, search engines. You name it.

    Today's topic is:

    Domain Names​


    What are Domain Names? Can I get a Domain Name? Mr.Angel do you have one?

    Domain Names are a complicated subject like other things on the web, so we'll start with a very basic and broad definition for now and add more complexity later on in the series.

    Domain Names are simple characters (e.g. words) used by us humans to help efficiently remember and locate specific websites on the Internet. Let's break this down even further with an example. "google.com" is a domain name. It is easy to remember. This is the primary function of domain names. Second, "google.com" will locate the computers that are associated with the domain name and pull up the search engine (website). Don't worry if you do not understand what a search engine is or why it locates a computer, just take it as fact.

    Extensions or TLD

    Domains Names have extensions or TLD (top-level domains). Examples:
    • .com - commercial
    • .org - organization
    • .net - network
    • .gov - governmental

    Why are these important? They help provide information. .com let's you know that it is for commercial use. .org let's you know it's an organization. But it doesn't always mean that. In a sense, you can say that these extension are nondenominational, not restricted to their abbreviations. So a website for commercial use, may have a .org extension. Also, some of these extensions are open to everyone while extensions such as .gov, and .mil are restricted from the public. This tells you that these sites with those extensions are legit.

    Second Level Domain (SLD)

    .com is the most popular of all extensions. Therefore, it adds to the value of your domain. Second-level domain (SLD) is everything to the left of an extension. Example:
    google.com ->(SLD) = google

    A short SLD also adds to the value of your domain. So to optimize your value, you want a short SLD and a ".com" TLD or extension. That is, if your looking for commercial use. So a popular food such as "chicken" (SLD) combined with an extension ".com". Can provide a domain with a high monetary value (chicken.com). (Chicken.com)'s appraisal is roughly $780,000 dollars in name alone.

    Mr. Angel, all of the short SLDs with .com extensions are taken. What should I do?

    Since .com is popular and the Internet has been around for 30+ years, it's hard to find short SLDs with .com extensions. There's really nothing you can do. Normally, you would pay a wad of cash to get the domain that you desire or get creative with your domain name to keep it short and memorable. But now there is a solution, there are 700+ extensions in the making, so taking advantage of this is a must. It's time for Mr. Angel to do some cyber-squatting. Examples of these extensions are helpful, others stupid, and even more trademarked and restricted. Examples:

    • .menu
    • .kitchen
    • .futbol
    • .ninja
    • .gucci
    • .企业
    • .xxx - porno, oh god.
    • .sexy - I need to register angel.sexy, right now

    How to acquire Domain Names?
    Back to how you can get a domain. A domain can be registered by a domain registrar. Mine is godaddy because they have cheap prices and promo codes. Godaddy usually has a promo code for .com domains for $2.95 for a year or something like that. Domain Registrars or just Registrars are companies authorized by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), we'll talk about these lovely people later, to register domains. You simple pick a domain registrar that you think is the best. Think up a pretty little domain in your head and see if it's available. If it is, you can buy it, and then it's yours and no one elses as long as you pay the bill every year. I have two domains myself. They are parked right now until I find the time to create a website.

    The Wrap Up
    There you have it. A short summary of domain names. Here's a quick recap on what you might have missed.
    • Domain Names are memorable phrases for humans to help locate a specific website.
    • Domain Extensions or TLDs includes a "." and everything to its right. It helps provide information.
      • ".com" extension is the most popular of them all.
      • ".com" will give you the most appraisal value.
    • Domain SLD are everything left of the extension.
      • Short SLDs will give you the most appraisal value
    • Domains are registered by Domain Registrars who are authorized by ICANN to register domains.

    Thanks for Reading!
    Anything you would like me to cover just say the word.
    Until Next Time, Angel Out!​
     
  2. Angel

    Angel Lion Heart Staff Member Administrator

    Today's topic is:

    Cookies


    And I don't mean bake goods, I'm talking about the web kind. They are referred to by many names i.e. HTTP Cookies, Web Cookies, or Browser Cookies. So, what are their purpose? Can I eat them? Like I said, cookies are data or better yet. Cookies are text files sent from a website (server) to your browser (i.e. Internet Explorer) and stored on your computer. Woah. Woah. Woah. Can I get a virus from cookies? No, cookies can't give you viruses. They're text files nothing more, nothing less. Also, Cookies are not executable. Virus must be executed to have affect, so don't worry. Or maybe, you should worry!

    Cookies store data. What kind of data? Remember, websites store cookies on your computer, because cookies acquire information on what you were doing on that website. Did you add something to your checkout cart? Did you check the 'stay login' checkbox when logging in? Did you visit 'this' particular page? Did you load this particular image? Those are just a few examples of what Cookies store. What's the big issue? Well, credit card information, your address, your name can all be stored into Cookies, because you bought that fresh of the line apple bottom jeans that you had to have. So what, Cookies can't have viruses? So, you were paying attention. You're right, but say your PC was infected by other means. Viruses can go in and read your information from those cookies. Oh no!

    Oh no, indeed, but that doesn't mean cookies are bad. If your computer is infected by a virus. 1. The virus probably already acquired that information without reading your cookies. Duh. And, 2. The last thing you should worry about, is it reading your cookies. Your PC is infected for God's sake. What is the real controversy then? I hear my country is making laws against them! Well, that's because of third-party Cookies.

    First & Third Party Cookies

    We can categorize cookies into First-Party Cookies and Third-Party Cookies. The only difference between the two is where the cookies come from. First-Party Cookies come from the website that you are currently on. Third-Party Cookies come from the advertisements of the website that your currently on. What? Okay, hypothetically, your on www.applefriter.com. The cookies your receiving are first-party Cookies from applefriter.com. Then you notice a Google Adsense ad. The cookies that you are receiving from the ad are third-party cookies from Google. Makes sense.

    Remember, Cookies are sent from the website to your computer to be stored to 'remember' you, and all that you did (or just the stuff the Cookie was programmed to record). Well, when you return to that website, the Cookies are retrieved and sent from your browser back to the website, and once that is done. The website 'remembers' you. Note: Cookies can only be retrieved by their respective creators. Applefriter.com can only retrieve applefriter.com's Cookies and google.com can only receive goolgle.com's Cookies.

    Here's the controversy! Every time, you run into a website with Google Adsense ads. You receive a Google Cookie and send a Google Cookie. Initially, this logs the websites that you have visited. Google tracks this and changes its ads accordingly. Apparently, this is a breach of privacy. But I believe the breach of privacy are cookies that log your browsing history. Think about it. We all have that one search that we don't want anyone to know about. Mine happens to be Miley Cyrus.

    Anyway, let's talk more about third-party cookies and clearing them. Those pesky ads that take up the whole page are annoying. You use what you learned in this lesson and clear your cookies. You noticed that every time that you visit that page. You receive the same ad that hogs the entire page. That's because those ads give you cookies so you won't receive that bothersome ad for quite a while, but clearing it, actually makes you receive the ad more. Ironic, right? I suggest; leaving your Cookies alone.

    Types of Cookies:

    Session Cookies​

    Also called in-memory Cookies or transient Cookies. These are just temporary Cookies while navigating the website. They usually expire when you close your browser.

    Tracking Cookies

    Known as Persistent Cookies. These cookies outlast sessions. There expiration can be well over a year. These cookies help websites obtain information on how a user found their website (vital).

    Authentication / Secure Cookies​

    Authentication Cookies are usually for logins to tell whether you are login-ed or not and Secure Cookies are used by HTTPS to encrypt your Cookies from bad people (i.e. Hackers).

    Flash Cookies

    Used in Adobe Flash, holds more data than your average Cookies. Great, for tracking users and invading privacy.

    Super / Zombie Cookies​

    Super Cookies can impersonate user requests of other websites and they can be placed permanent on a PC. Zombie Cookies are resurrected after deletion due to a hidden script.

    The Wrap Up​

    There you have it. A short summary of cookies. Here's a quick recap on what you might have missed.
    • Web Cookies are not edible!
    • Cookies are text data sent from a website to the browser and stored on the PC.
    • When revisiting a website, the stored Cookies are retrieved and sent back from the browser to the the website or server.
    • Cookies are specifically programmed to log information that you perform on a website such as add to cart, your personal information, log in information, visited pages, and some browser history. They help the website "remember" you.
    • Web Cookies are not edible!
    • Cookies can only be retrieved by their respective creators.
    • Cookies are harmless i.e. no viruses whatsoever.
    • First-Party Cookies are from the website that your currently on.
    • Third-Party Cookies are from the website's advertisements.
    • Cookies have expiration dates in which they are deleted after a certain time, i.e. session cookies expire after you close your browser.
    • Google tracks you with cookies, technically violating your privacy. (Google is always watching you!)
    Thanks for Reading!
    Anything you would like me to cover just say the word.
    Until Next Time, Angel Out!​
     
    Last edited: May 30, 2014

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